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Undescended Testicle

Diseases and Conditions Undescended Testicle
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

An undescended testicle occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. Typically, the testicles form in the unborn baby’s lower belly and then move down into the scrotum during the last few months of pregnancy. Let’s delve deeper into this condition.

Types of Undescended Testicle

  1. Unilateral Undescended Testicle: In most cases, only one testicle remains undescended.
  2. Bilateral Undescended Testicles: Rarely, both testicles fail to descend.

Causes of Undescended Testicle

The exact cause of undescended testicles isn’t fully understood. However, several factors may contribute:

  • Genetics: Certain genes may play a role.
  • Hormonal Disruptions: Hormones, physical changes, and nerve activity affect testicle development.
  • Premature Birth or Low Birth Weight: These increase the risk.

Risk Factors of Undescended Testicle

Premature birth or low birth weight are significant risk factors for undescended testicles. Identifying and treating this condition early can reduce the risk of long-term health problems, including testicular cancer and infertility.

Symptoms of Undescended Testicle

1. Absence of Testicle in Scrotum: The primary symptom is not seeing or feeling a testicle in the scrotum. Parents or caregivers may notice that one or both testicles are missing during routine checks.
2. Retractile Testicle: Sometimes, a testicle may move between the scrotum and the groin. This condition is called a retractile testicle and can cause confusion because the testicle appears to be missing at times.
3. Ascending Testicle: An acquired undescended testicle may occur later in childhood. The testicle initially descends but then moves back up into the groin area.
4. Palpable Testicle in Groin: In some cases, the undescended testicle can be felt in the inguinal canal (groin area). The doctor may be able to locate it during a physical examination.
5. Increased Risk of Torsion: An undescended testicle is at higher risk of testicular torsion. Torsion occurs when the testicle twists on its blood vessels, leading to severe pain and potential damage.
6. Delayed Puberty Signs: Boys with undescended testicles may experience delayed puberty. Hormonal changes necessary for normal development may be affected.
7. Psychosocial Impact: Adolescents with undescended testicles may experience emotional distress due to body image concerns. Addressing this aspect is essential for overall well-being.

Preventions of Undescended Testicle

While prevention isn’t always possible, early treatment during infancy can reduce complications later in life. Regular exams are crucial to monitor progress.

Diagnosis of Undescended Testicle

Doctors perform physical exams and may use imaging (ultrasound) to locate the testicle. Evaluation includes assessing the testicle’s position, size, and consistency.

Treatment for Undescended Testicle

  1. Surgery: If the testicle doesn’t descend on its own, surgery relocates it into the scrotum.
  2. Hormone Therapy: Sometimes used to stimulate testicular descent.
  3. Regular Follow-Up: Monitoring is essential to track progress and address any complications.

When to seek medical attention ?

If your child has an undescended testicle, seek medical advice. Early intervention improves outcomes.

Doctors and experts available for consultation

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Dr. Bimala Baniya
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