Vesicoureteral reflux

Overview

Vesicoureteral reflux is a condition where urine flows back up the tubes that connect your kidneys to your bladder. This abnormal flow of urine can cause urinary tract infections and increase the risk of kidney damage if left untreated. The condition is usually diagnosed in infants and children, and treatment aims to prevent kidney damage.

Types of Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Primary vesicoureteral reflux: This is the most common type of vesicoureteral reflux and is caused by a faulty valve-like structure in the ureters that prevents urine from flowing properly.
2. Secondary vesicoureteral reflux: This type of reflux is caused by another underlying condition, such as a urinary tract infection or kidney stones.

Causes of Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Genetic predisposition: Vesicoureteral reflux can be inherited from parents.
2. Anatomical abnormalities: Abnormalities in the shape or structure of the kidneys or ureters can cause vesicoureteral reflux.
3. Urinary tract infections: UTIs can cause inflammation and damage to the urinary tract, leading to vesicoureteral reflux.

Risk Factors of Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Family history: Having a family history of vesicoureteral reflux increases the risk of developing the condition.
2. Premature birth: Premature birth can increase the risk of developing vesicoureteral reflux.
3. Congenital abnormalities: Congenital abnormalities in the urinary tract can increase the risk of developing vesicoureteral reflux.

Symptoms of Vesicoureteral reflux

Preventions of Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help detect any underlying conditions that may increase the risk of developing vesicoureteral reflux.
2. Proper hygiene: Practicing proper hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding tight clothing that can irritate the urinary tract, can help reduce the risk of developing vesicoureteral reflux.

Complications:

1. Kidney damage: If left untreated, vesicoureteral reflux can cause kidney damage and lead to chronic kidney disease.
2. Urinary tract infections: UTIs can occur due to the abnormal flow of urine back up the ureters.
3. Severe symptoms: In severe cases of vesicoureteral reflux, patients may experience severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.

Diagnosis of Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to check for any signs of infection or other underlying conditions.
2. Urinalysis: A urinalysis will be performed to check for any abnormalities in the urine.
3. Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be used to visualize the kidneys and ureters.

Treatment for Vesicoureteral reflux

1. Medications: Medications such as antibiotics may be used to treat UTIs caused by vesicoureteral reflux.
2. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to repair or replace any damaged or abnormal structures in the urinary tract.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms such as urinary tract infections, abdominal pain, or fever, you should seek medical attention immediately.