Overview
Vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that affects the outer surface area of the female genitalia. It is a rare but serious condition that requires prompt attention and treatment. The vulva is the area of skin that surrounds the urethra and vagina, including the clitoris and labia. Vulvar cancer can occur at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in older adults.
Types of Vulvar cancer
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common type of vulvar cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of cases.
- Melanoma: This type of vulvar cancer is more aggressive and can spread quickly.
- Adenocarcinoma: This type of vulvar cancer is rare and occurs in the glands of the vulva.
Causes of Vulvar cancer
The exact cause of vulvar cancer is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:
- HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been linked to vulvar cancer.
- Smoking: Smoking has been shown to increase the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
- Family History: A family history of vulvar cancer or other types of cancer may increase the risk.
- Genetic Mutations: Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been linked to an increased risk of vulvar cancer.
Risk Factors of Vulvar cancer
- Age: Vulvar cancer is more common in older adults.
- HPV Infection: Women with a history of HPV infection are at higher risk.
- Smoking: Women who smoke are at higher risk.
- Family History: Women with a family history of vulvar cancer or other types of cancer may be at higher risk.
Symptoms of Vulvar cancer
1. Lumps or Sores: Vulvar cancer often presents as a lump or sore on the vulva.
2. Itching or Burning: Vulvar cancer can cause itching or burning sensations in the affected area.
3. Pain: Vulvar cancer can cause pain or discomfort in the affected area.
4. Changes in Urination: Vulvar cancer can cause changes in urination, such as difficulty starting or stopping the flow.
Preventions of Vulvar cancer
- HPV Vaccination: HPV vaccination has been shown to reduce the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
- Cervical Cancer Screening: Regular cervical cancer screening can help detect precancerous cells in the cervix and reduce the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
- Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep can help reduce the risk of developing vulvar cancer.
Complications:
- Recurrent Disease: Vulvar cancer can recur even after treatment.
- Metastasis: Vulvar cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes or distant organs.
- Chronic Pain: Vulvar cancer can cause chronic pain and discomfort.
Diagnosis of Vulvar cancer
- Physical Examination: A physical examination will be performed to assess for any signs of abnormal growth or discharge.
- Biopsy: A biopsy will be performed to remove a sample of tissue from the affected area for further examination.
- Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be performed to assess for any signs of spread or metastasis.
Treatment for Vulvar cancer
- Surgery: Surgery is often necessary to remove the affected area and any surrounding tissue.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be used to treat vulvar cancer that has spread or recurs.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used in combination with radiation therapy to treat vulvar cancer that has spread or recurs.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience any unusual symptoms such as lumps or sores on the vulva, itching or burning sensations, or changes in urination, consult with a healthcare provider for evaluation.
