Overview
Vulvodynia (pronounced vul-voe-DIN-e-uh) is a chronic condition characterized by long-term pain or discomfort around the outer part of the female genitals, specifically the vulva. The pain persists for at least three months and lacks a clear identifiable cause. Let’s delve deeper into this complex condition.
Types of Vulvodynia
- Localized Vulvodynia:
- Vestibulodynia (Provoked Vestibulodynia): Pain is limited to the vestibule, the tissue surrounding the vaginal opening. It occurs during or after pressure is applied to the vestibule (e.g., during sexual intercourse, tampon insertion, or gynecologic exams).
- Clitorodynia: Pain specifically in the clitoris, which can be very intense.
- Generalized Vulvodynia:
- Pain occurs spontaneously and is relatively constant. Activities that apply pressure to the vulva exacerbate symptoms. Some women experience pain in specific areas (e.g., labia, clitoris), while others feel pain throughout the vulva.
Causes of Vulvodynia
The exact cause remains unclear, but several factors may contribute:
- Nerve Injury: Damage to nerves surrounding the vulvar area.
- Previous Vaginal Infections: Infections may trigger chronic pain.
- Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels.
- Muscle Spasm or Weakness: Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.
Risk Factors of Vulvodynia
- Anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- History of abuse.
Symptoms of Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia manifests in various ways:1. Burning Sensation: Patients with vulvodynia often describe a burning or scalding feeling in the vulvar area.
This discomfort can be constant or intermittent.
2. Stinging Pain: Stinging sensations may occur, especially during activities that put pressure on the vulva (e.g., sitting, walking, or sexual intercourse).
The pain can be localized or widespread.
3. Itching and Rawness: Vulvodynia can cause intense itching, leading to discomfort and distress.
Some women report feeling raw or sore in the vulvar region.
4. Throbbing or Aching: Throbbing pain may be present, similar to a persistent ache.
The intensity can vary from mild to severe.
5. Painful Sexual Intercourse (Dyspareunia): Engaging in sexual activity can be excruciating for individuals with vulvodynia.
Pain during penetration or even after intercourse is common.
6. Swelling and Soreness: The vulva may appear swollen or feel tender to the touch.
Soreness can affect daily activities and quality of life.
Preventions of Vulvodynia
Unfortunately, there are no known preventive measures for vulvodynia. However, maintaining good hygiene and avoiding irritants can help manage symptoms.
Diagnosis of Vulvodynia
- A thorough medical history, pelvic exam, and laboratory tests are essential.
- Swab tests may check for specific localized areas of pain.
- Consult a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis.
Treatment for Vulvodynia
- Therapy: Biofeedback and pelvic floor therapy help reduce pain by relaxing pelvic muscles.
- Local Anesthetics: Lidocaine provides temporary relief.
- Medications: Anticonvulsants (e.g., Gabapentin), antihistamines (e.g., Cetirizine), and other pain medications.
- Surgery: Vestibulectomy for localized vulvodynia.
- Self-Care: Avoid irritants and practice good hygiene.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience chronic vulvar pain, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and management improve outcomes.
