Wet macular degeneration

Overview

Wet macular degeneration is a long-lasting eye disorder that affects the central vision of the eye. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina that leak fluid or blood into the macula, causing vision loss or blindness. Wet macular degeneration is one of two types of age-related macular degeneration, with the other type being dry macular degeneration.

Types of Wet macular degeneration

1. Dry Macular Degeneration: This is the most common type of age-related macular degeneration, accounting for approximately 85% of all cases. Dry macular degeneration is characterized by the gradual accumulation of waste material in the retina, which can lead to vision loss over time.
2. Wet Macular Degeneration: This type of age-related macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina that leak fluid or blood into the macula. Wet macular degeneration is more severe and can cause rapid vision loss.

Causes of Wet macular degeneration

Wet macular degeneration is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina that leak fluid or blood into the macula. This can occur due to various factors, including:

1. Genetic Predisposition: People with a family history of age-related macular degeneration may be at increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
2. Age: Wet macular degeneration is more common in people over the age of 50.
3. Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
4. High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure has been linked to an increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.

Risk Factors of Wet macular degeneration

1. Age: People over the age of 50 are at increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
2. Genetic Predisposition: People with a family history of age-related macular degeneration may be at increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
3. Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
4. High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure has been linked to an increased risk of developing wet macular degeneration.

Symptoms of Wet macular degeneration

Preventions of Wet macular degeneration

1. Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking has been shown to reduce the risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
2. Exercise Regularly: Exercise has been shown to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of developing wet macular degeneration.
3. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been shown to reduce the risk of developing wet macular degeneration.

Complications:

1. Vision Loss: Wet macular degeneration can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated.
2. Blindness: Wet macular degeneration can cause blindness if left untreated.
3. Depression: Vision loss can cause depression and anxiety.

Diagnosis of Wet macular degeneration

1. Eye Exam: A comprehensive eye exam will be performed to assess for signs of wet macular degeneration.
2. Visual Acuity Testing: Visual acuity testing will be performed to assess for vision loss.
3. Fluorescein Angiography: Fluorescein angiography will be performed to assess for signs of leakage in the retina.
4. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): OCT will be performed to assess for signs of retinal damage.

Treatment for Wet macular degeneration

1. Laser Photocoagulation: Laser photocoagulation may be used to treat wet macular degeneration by destroying abnormal blood vessels.
2. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Therapy: Anti-VEGF therapy may be used to treat wet macular degeneration by inhibiting the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
3. Steroid Therapy: Steroid therapy may be used to treat wet macular degeneration by reducing inflammation and swelling.
4. Vitamins and Supplements: Vitamins and supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and lutein may be recommended to reduce inflammation and promote overall health.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms such as blurred vision, blind spots, or distorted vision, it is essential to see a doctor for evaluation and treatment.