Yeast infection

Overview

Vaginal yeast infections are a common condition that affects up to 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes. It is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva. The condition is also known as vaginal candidiasis.

Types of Yeast infection

Vaginal yeast infections are classified into two main types:

1. Acute: This is the most common type of vaginal yeast infection, characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms.
2. Chronic: This type of vaginal yeast infection is characterized by recurring episodes of symptoms over a prolonged period.

Causes of Yeast infection

The primary cause of vaginal yeast infections is an overgrowth of Candida fungus in the vagina. This can occur due to:

1. Hormonal changes: Changes in hormone levels during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections.
2. Antibiotics: Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the vagina, leading to an overgrowth of Candida fungus.
3. Weakened immune system: A weakened immune system can make it difficult for the body to fight off infections.
4. Sexual activity: Sexual activity can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections due to the exchange of bacteria and fungi.
5. Wearing tight clothing: Wearing tight clothing can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections by trapping moisture and heat.

Risk Factors of Yeast infection

The following are considered risk factors for vaginal yeast infections:

1. Age: Women aged 20-40 are more likely to develop vaginal yeast infections.
2. Hormonal fluctuations: Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections.
3. Weakened immune system: A weakened immune system can make it difficult for the body to fight off infections.
4. Sexual activity: Sexual activity can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections due to the exchange of bacteria and fungi.
5. Wearing tight clothing: Wearing tight clothing can increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections by trapping moisture and heat.

Symptoms of Yeast infection

Preventions of Yeast infection

To prevent vaginal yeast infections:

1. Practice good hygiene: Practice good hygiene by wiping from front to back after using the bathroom and avoiding sharing personal care items.
2. Use condoms: Use condoms during sexual activity to reduce the risk of transmission.
3. Avoid douching: Avoid douching as it can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the vagina.
4. Avoid wearing tight clothing: Avoid wearing tight clothing that can trap moisture and heat.
5. Maintain good hygiene during menstruation: Maintain good hygiene during menstruation by changing sanitary pads regularly.

Complications:

If left untreated, vaginal yeast infections can lead to complications such as:

1. Recurrent episodes: Recurrent episodes of vaginal yeast infections can lead to chronic symptoms.
2. Infection spread: Infection spread to other parts of the body such as the bladder or kidneys.
3. Infertility: Infertility due to chronic inflammation and scarring.

Diagnosis of Yeast infection

Diagnosis of vaginal yeast infections typically involves:

1. Physical examination: Conducting a physical examination to assess for signs of infection.
2. Medical history: Taking a detailed medical history to identify any underlying conditions or risk factors.
3. Vaginal exam: Conducting a vaginal exam to assess for signs of infection.

Treatment for Yeast infection

Treatment for vaginal yeast infections typically involves:

1. Antifungal medications: Antifungal medications such as clotrimazole or fluconazole are effective in treating vaginal yeast infections.
2. Over-the-counter treatments: Over-the-counter treatments such as antifungal creams or suppositories can be effective in treating mild cases.
3. Maintenance plan: A maintenance plan may be necessary for women with recurrent episodes.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms of vaginal yeast infections, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Early treatment can help prevent complications and improve quality of life.