Overview
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. While most individuals remain asymptomatic, CMV can cause serious health issues in certain populations. Let’s explore CMV in detail.
Types of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Acquired CMV:
- Spreads from person to person via body fluids such as saliva, semen, blood, urine, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
- Common among sexually active adults and healthcare workers.
- Recurring CMV:
- Occurs in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., organ transplant recipients, HIV patients).
- Reactivation of latent CMV.
- Congenital CMV:
- Transmitted from infected pregnant mothers to their children during pregnancy or just before conception.
- Can lead to birth defects and developmental issues.
Causes of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- CMV belongs to the herpesvirus family and shares characteristics with viruses causing chickenpox, herpes simplex, and mononucleosis.
- Transmission occurs through close contact with infected body fluids, including blood transfusions and organ transplants.
Risk Factors of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Certain factors increase the risk of CMV infection:
- Weakened Immune System:
- Organ transplant recipients
- Stem cell transplant patients
- Individuals with HIV/AIDS
- Age:
- Children under 5 years old
- Those in close contact with young children
- Crowded Conditions:
- Living in crowded environments increases exposure.
Symptoms of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
1. Adults: Fatigue
Fever
Sore throat
Muscle aches (similar to infectious mononucleosis).
2. Babies (Congenital CMV): Low birth weight
Jaundice
Pneumonia
Enlarged spleen
Seizures
Hearing loss
Vision problems.
3. Weakened Immunity: Serious complications affecting eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and brain.
Preventions of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
While complete prevention is challenging, consider these practices:
- Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
- Avoid kissing young babies.
- Refrain from sharing drinks.
- Use condoms to prevent sexual transmission.
Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- CMV often goes undiagnosed due to mild or absent symptoms.
- Blood tests detect antibodies or viral DNA.
- Amniocentesis may be used during pregnancy.
- Consult a doctor if symptoms arise or if you have a weakened immune system.
Treatment for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Most cases resolve without medication.
- Severe cases may require antiviral drugs like ganciclovir.
- Maintain a balanced diet to boost immunity.
- Avoid fried foods and uncooked meat.
When to seek medical attention ?
- If you have a weakened immune system and experience CMV symptoms.
- Transplant recipients are especially at risk.
