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Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

Diseases and Conditions Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. This system plays a crucial role in the body’s immune response. In Hodgkin’s lymphoma, abnormal white blood cells called lymphocytes multiply uncontrollably, leading to swollen lymph nodes and growths throughout the body.

Types of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

There are several subtypes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, each with distinct characteristics:

  1. Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma (NSHL): The most common type, often affecting young adults. It primarily involves nodes in the neck, armpits, or chest.
  2. Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma (MCHL): Common in developing countries, affecting people of all ages. It tends to involve the abdomen.
  3. Lymphocyte-Depleted Hodgkin Lymphoma (LDHL): Rare and aggressive, often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
  4. Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (LRCHL): Uncommon but usually responds well to treatment.
  5. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL): A distinct subtype with similarities to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Causes of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

The exact cause of Hodgkin’s lymphoma remains unclear. 

Risk Factors of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

However, several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection: People who have had infectious mononucleosis (mono) caused by EBV have a slightly higher risk.
  • Age: Most commonly diagnosed in early adulthood (20s) and late adulthood (after 55).
  • Gender: Slightly more common in males.
  • Family History: Having a sibling with Hodgkin’s lymphoma increases risk.
  • Weakened Immune System: HIV infection, organ transplant recipients, and autoimmune disease patients face elevated risk.

Symptoms of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

Recognizing the signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is crucial:
1. Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painless enlargement in the neck, armpits, or groin.
2. Fatigue: Persistent tiredness.
3. Fever and Night Sweats: Unexplained fever and drenching night sweats.
4. Unintended Weight Loss: Rapid weight loss without trying.
5. Itching: Generalized itching.
6. Alcohol Sensitivity: Pain in lymph nodes after alcohol consumption.

Preventions of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

Preventing Hodgkin’s lymphoma involves:

  • Avoiding Risk Factors: Take precautions against viral infections like HIV.
  • Healthy Diet: Consume nutritious foods.
  • Regular Exercise: Stay physically active.

Untreated Hodgkin’s lymphoma can lead to complications such as a weakened immune system, increased infection risk, infertility, and secondary cancers.

Diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

  • Physical Examination: Assess lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
  • Laboratory Tests: Complete blood count (CBC) and imaging (CT scan, MRI, PET).
  • Biopsy: Lymph node and bone marrow biopsies.

Treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)

  • Medications (chemotherapy)
  • Radiation therapy and
  • Bone marrow transplantation.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience persistent symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.