Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. It results from damage or abnormal development in the parts of the brain responsible for controlling movement. While the exact cause remains unknown for most cases, CP affects individuals to varying degrees, from mild to severe. Let’s delve into the details.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless plasma-like fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS). It plays several vital roles, including cushioning the brain and spinal cord, providing basic immunological protection, removing metabolic waste, and facilitating the transport of neuromodulators and neurotransmitters.
Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions in the neck. These contractions cause abnormal movements and postures of the neck and head. Individuals with cervical dystonia experience repetitive twisting movements, which can be intermittent, in spasms, or constant. The severity of the condition varies, and it can be painful and disabling for some patients.
Cervical spondylosis, commonly known as neck osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the spinal disks and bones in the neck. As we age, wear and tear lead to changes in the cervical spine, resulting in symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility. Bone spurs may also develop along the edges of the vertebrae. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the various aspects of cervical spondylosis, from its causes and symptoms to treatment options and preventive measures.
Overview Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It can manifest as either acute (with sudden and severe symptoms) or chronic (lasting over a period of months or longer). While some cases may remain asymptomatic, others present with noticeable signs.
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is an infectious illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite is primarily found in the feces of the triatomine bug, commonly known as the “kissing bug.” Chagas disease is prevalent in South America, Central America, and Mexico, where the triatomine bug thrives. Although rare, cases have been reported in the southern United States. If left untreated, Chagas disease can lead to serious heart and digestive complications.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, is a group of inherited disorders that primarily affect the peripheral nerves. These nerves transmit information between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. CMT leads to nerve damage, resulting in smaller and weaker muscles. The condition typically manifests in the arms and legs and may cause foot deformities such as hammertoes and high arches. Symptoms usually emerge during adolescence or early adulthood but can develop at any age.
Chemo brain, also known as chemo fog, cancer-related cognitive impairment, or cognitive dysfunction, is a common term used by cancer survivors. It refers to thinking and memory problems that can occur during and after cancer treatment. These cognitive changes can be frustrating and debilitating, impacting daily life and overall well-being.
Chest pain is a common symptom that can vary widely in intensity and presentation. It can range from a sharp, stabbing sensation to a dull ache. Sometimes, it feels like crushing pressure or burning discomfort. Understanding the underlying causes of chest pain is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management.
Costochondritis, pronounced “kos-toe-kon-DRY-tis,” is an inflammatory condition affecting the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone (sternum). The hallmark symptom is chest pain, which can mimic heart-related discomfort. Although usually benign, costochondritis can cause significant discomfort. Let’s delve into the details of this condition.
Chiari malformation, also known as kee-AH-ree mal-for-MAY-shun, is a structural abnormality where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. This occurs due to misshapen or smaller-than-typical skull anatomy, leading to pressure on the brain and downward displacement. Although not common, increased use of imaging tests has led to more diagnoses. Health care professionals classify Chiari malformation into three types based on brain tissue anatomy and developmental changes in the brain or spine:
- Type 1: Develops during skull and brain growth, with symptoms often appearing in late childhood or adulthood. Classic symptoms include severe headaches triggered by coughing, sneezing, or straining. Other symptoms may include neck pain, balance issues, poor hand coordination, numbness, tingling, dizziness, and trouble swallowing.
- Type 2: Involves a greater amount of tissue extending into the spinal canal compared to Type 1. It is often associated with a form of spina bifida called myelomeningocele, where the backbone and spinal canal don’t close properly before birth. Symptoms include changes in breathing pattern, swallowing difficulties, and quick downward eye movements.
Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It primarily affects children but can occur in adults as well. The hallmark of chickenpox is an itchy rash characterized by small, fluid-filled blisters. Let’s delve into the details of this common childhood ailment.
Chilblains, also known as perniosis, is a condition characterized by inflamed, swollen patches and blistering on the hands and feet. It typically occurs due to exposure to damp, cold air that is not freezing. Although uncomfortable, chilblains usually resolve within a few weeks, especially as the weather becomes warmer.
Child abuse is a grave issue that affects the well-being of children worldwide. Any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. It takes various forms, often occurring simultaneously. As responsible individuals, we must recognize the signs, understand the causes, and take preventive measures to protect our children.
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a rare neurological disorder that affects a child’s ability to plan and execute precise movements necessary for speech production. Unlike other speech disorders, CAS is not caused by muscle weakness or structural abnormalities. Instead, it results from impaired neural pathways responsible for coordinating speech movements. Children with CAS struggle to control their lips, jaws, and tongues during speech, leading to inconsistent errors in sound production and prosody.